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James Price Dillard is a professor of Communication Arts and Sciences Department at Penn State University. He has authored and co-authored over 50 manuscripts primarily on the role of emotion and persuasive influence. Dillard graduated in 1976 from the University of Kansas with a Bachelor's degree in Speech Communication and Psychology. In 1978, he earned his Master's degree in Communication from Arizona State University and in 1983, he received a Ph.D. in Communication from Michigan State University. Dillard is currently teaching Measurement in Communication Science and Persuasive Message Processing classes at Penn State University. His awards include the NCA Golden Anniversary Award for the most outstanding, Distinguished Book Award, Communication and Social Cognition Division of the National Communication Association and many others. Dillard is most known in the academic world for his views on affect and persuasion. His research aims to enhance understanding of the role of emotion in persuasion and interpersonal influence.〔http://cas.la.psu.edu/faculty/dillard.htm〕 == Views on Affect == Dillard has done many studies of the use of affect in our social and environmental interactions.〔Dillard, J.P., & Wilson, B.J. (1993). Communication and affect: Thoughts, feelings, and issues for the future. Communication Research, 20, 637-646.〕〔Dillard, J.P. (1997). The role of affect in communication, biology, and social relationships. In P.R. Andersen & L.Guerrero (Eds.), Communication and emotion (pp. xvii-xxxii). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.〕〔Dillard, J.P., & Meijnders, A. (2002). Persuasion and the structure of affect. In J.P. Dillard & M.W. Pfau (Eds.), The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice (pp.309-328). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.〕〔Shen, L., & Dillard, J. P. (2006). An overview of reactance proneness assessment. In R. A. Reynolds, R. Woods, & J. D. Baker (Eds.). Handbook of research on electronic surveys and measurements (pp. 323-329). Hershey, PA. Idea Group.〕 He theorizes how mood and emotion guide our behavior in our everyday interactions. Dillard concludes that affect affects human behavior in three main ways:〔Dillard, J. P. (1998). The role of affect in communication, biology, and social relationships. In P. A. Andersen & L. K. Guerrero (Eds.) Handbook of communication and emotion. (pp. xvii-xxxii). San Diago: Academic Press.〕 # The primary function of affect is to guide behavior. Affect evolved because it enabled successful interaction with the environment. # For human beings, the most important environment was the social environment. Affect evolved in the presence and service of social interaction. # Human beings strategically manage their affective states. The relative utility of these efforts can be judged only by reference to the environment. Dillard explains how affect is "phasic" and "tonic" or baseline, each one affecting the other. Affect as "phasic" acting with emotion. If someone feels fear from a stimulus, then they run away from that stimulus. If someone feels happiness when around a certain stimulus, then they would approach that stimulus. But Dillard concludes that emotions more involved than just approach and withdrawal: "If we view emotions as phasic responses to the environment, the other side of the solution is the tonic (baseline) state of the organism. Any decision as to the appropriate course of action (i.e., engagement versus withdrawal) must depend on the resources available to the organism at the time the action is required. The experiential aspect of moods can be thought of as a readout of the operating level of the organism's various biopsychological systems."〔
Dillard takes on a Darwinian perspective on affect: it evolved out of a need for survival. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Price Dillard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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